A history of mahabharata one of the two major sanskrit epics of ancient india

The word sanskrita, meaning "refined" or "purified," is the antonym of prakrita, meaning "natural," or "vulgar. Jawaharlal Nehru has said that Sanskrit is a language amazingly rich, efflorescent, full of luxuriant growth of all kinds, and yet precise and strictly keeping within the framework of grammar which Panini laid down two thousand years ago. It spread out, added to its richness, became fuller and more ornate, but always it stuck to its original roots. The ancient Indians attached a great deal of importance to sound, and hence their writing, poetry or prose, had a rhythmic and musical quality.

You need Flash Player version 9. The story first began in the oral tradition during the first millennium BCE and was composed in Sanskrit over centuries, beginning perhaps as early as or BCE, and reaching its final written form around the fourth century BCE.

Attributed to the poet Vyasa, the epic is composed of nearlyverses divided into 18 books. The sixth book contains the central text of Hinduismthe Bhagavad Gita "Song of the Bountiful Lord"which discusses the four goals of life or purushartas—artha worldly wealth and successkama pleasure and desiredharma righteousnessand moksha knowledge and liberation from the cycle of birth and death.

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• THE ORAL TRADITION

A dialogue between the warrior Arjuna and Krishna, the Bhagavad Gita makes dharma its central lesson: The Pandava brothers are pitted against their rival cousins, the Kauravas, who divest the eldest Pandava brother of his kingdom and his wife in a fixed gambling match.

The brothers are forced into exile for 13 years during which time they prepare for war with their cousins. The Pandavas prevail in an day battle that causes great loss of life on both sides. In contrast with the Vedas, which are considered "sruti" or divine revelation, the epics are considered smrti "that which is remembered" or of human origin.

Like the Mahabharata, the Ramayana is a core text in Hinduism and illustrates Hindu virtues. In seven books, the epic recounts the story of Ramaa legendary prince and king of Kosala, and his perfect wife Sita.

In Hinduism, Rama represents the ideal of an individual living life according to dharma, and Hindus today revere him as a deity: The epic takes place in Ayodhya, which since the 5th century CE has been identified with the city which bears that name today on the Gogra river in Uttar Pradesh state.

After Prince Rama and his wife Sita are banished from their kingdom, Sita is abducted by a demon king, Ravana. Prince Rama saves his wife and defeats Ravana with the aid of his brother Lakshman and loyal friend Hanumanalong with his army of monkeys.

The tale has been interpreted and reinvented by numerous cultures and continues to be an enduring work of art, with some three hundred of variations on the story in 20 languages across southern Asia alone.

What are the sacred writings of Hinduism? This question begs a more basic question, namely, what are sacred writings? In other words, before we can discuss the sacred writings of Hinduism, we should first come to an understanding of scripture. ROYAL YADAVSYadav kingdomsThe lineage of several rulers of ancient and medieval India is traced to Yadu. These include Lord Shri Krishna, as well as historical rulers such as King Porus, who fought Alexander the Great in the Battle of the Hydaspes River. Indian Manuscripts - Watch this video to know more about the many ancient Indian manuscripts that exist still, even today with the help of this fun video.

Rama Rama The ideal son, ruler, and husband, Rama is, according to Hindu belief, the seventh incarnation of the Hindu god Vishnuwho came to earth to restore order to the universe by vanquishing the demon-king Ravana. Rama won the hand of his wife, Sita, by being the only suitor who could string and wield a magical bow that had been bestowed on her father by the god Shiva.

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Mahabharata | Hindu literature | timberdesignmag.com	Some early inscriptions, dated andhave implied that the Hoysalas of Mysore were also the descendants of the original Yadava clan, by referring to the Yadava vansa clan as Hoysala vansa.
Mahabharata - Wikipedia	The Indus Civilization c.

Rama was endowed with great strength, wisdom, beauty, and wealth but also humility, which made him beloved among his family members and the people of Ayodhya.

He is commonly represented as a standing figure, with an arrow in his right hand and a bow in his left, attended by his faithful wife, Sita, devoted half-brother, Lakshman, and loyal friend, Hanuman.

Vishnu Vishnu In HinduismVishnu is the preserver and maintainer of the universe. Vishnu, along with Brahmathe creator, and Shivathe destroyer, are the three main gods of Hinduism.

Yadav history - ROYAL YADAVS

Vishnu is worshipped directly or in his incarnations physical formsespecially Rama and Krishna. According to Hindu belief, Vishnu descended to earth to restore order and justice to a threatened world and to save mankind.

He has been incarnated 10 times in animal, supernatural, and human forms, including the Buddha. His 10th avatar is yet to come. Vishnu is commonly worshiped by chanting the Vishnu sahasranama, his thousand names. Vishnu is represented either standing or sitting with four arms and a dark or blue complexion.

In each hand, he typically holds four main attributes: He wears a miraculous jewel "divine jewel," Kaustubha, around his neck and on his chest is a curl of hair, the srivatsa. Another familiar depiction of Vishnu is of him sleeping on a thousand-headed serpent called Ananta or Sesa that floats on the cosmic ocean.

From his navel emerges a lotus in which Brahma is born to create the world. Although he has two consorts, Lakshmithe goddess of wealth, and Bhudevi, the earth goddess, he is most often united with Lakshmi, including in all his incarnations.ROYAL YADAVSYadav kingdomsThe lineage of several rulers of ancient and medieval India is traced to Yadu.

These include Lord Shri Krishna, as well as historical rulers such as King Porus, who fought Alexander the Great in the Battle of the Hydaspes River.

ROYAL YADAVSYadav kingdomsThe lineage of several rulers of ancient and medieval India is traced to Yadu. These include Lord Shri Krishna, as well as historical rulers such as King Porus, who fought Alexander the Great in the Battle of the Hydaspes River.

India is the name given to the vast peninsula which the continent of Asia throws out to the south of the magnificent mountain ranges that stretch in a sword like curve across the southern border. Aug 24,  · Although there is an emphasis on personal spirituality, Hinduism's history is closely linked with social and political developments, such as the rise and fall of different kingdoms and empires.

India is the name given to the vast peninsula which the continent of Asia throws out to the south of the magnificent mountain ranges that stretch in a sword like curve across the southern border. "ALL ABOUT HINDUISM" is intended to meet the needs of those who want to be introduced to the various facets of the crystal that is Hinduism.