Response of oil palm roots to

Palm fronds and kernel meal are processed for use as livestock feed [7]. All modern, commercial planting material consists of tenera palms or DxP hybrids, which are obtained by crossing thickshelled dura with shell-less pisifera. Although common commercial pregerminated seed is as thick-shelled as the dura mother tree, the resulting tree will produce thin-shelled tenera fruit. It is essential for an oil palm nursery to have an uninterrupted supply of clean water and topsoil which is both well-structured and sufficiently deep enough to accommodate three rounds of on-site bag-filling.

You can help by adding to it. September Unlike other relatives, oil palms do not produce offshoots ; propagation is by sowing the seeds.

Palm Oil: Planting, cross breeding and disease of oil palm

Several varieties and forms of Elaeis guineensis have been selected that have different characteristics. Segregation of fruit forms in crosses made in the s was often incorrect. In the absence of a good marker gene, there was no way of knowing whether control of pollination was adequate.

After the work of Beirnaert and Vanderweyenit became feasible to monitor the efficacy of controlled pollination. From until the introduction of the palm-pollinating weevil Elaeidobius kamerunicus incontamination in Malaysia's commercial plantings was generally low.

Thrips, the main pollinating agent at that time, apparently rarely gained access to bagged female inflorescences. Previously, research on basal stem rot was hampered by the failure to artificially infect oil palms with the fungus.

Although Ganoderma had been associated with BSR, proof of its pathogenicity to satisfy Koch's postulate was only achieved in the early s by inoculating oil palm seedling roots or by using rubber wood blocks.

Scores and loadings plot of oil palm samples by PCA processing based on the MS data obtained in negative ion mode: (a) scores plot of Principal Component 1 (PC1) vs. Principal Component 2 (PC2), and (b) loadings plot of PC1 vs. Response of the roots of oil palm O×G interspecific hybrids (Elaeis oleifera ×Elaeis guineensis) to aluminum (Al 3+) toxicity Yurany Dayanna Rivera-Méndez 1, Andrés Leonardo Moreno Chacón 1, Hernán Mauricio Romero 1,2 *. Oil palm roots treated with Ganoderma boniense and gene expression profiles of cDNAs related to defence in treated oil palm roots. (A) Oil palm roots treated with Ganoderma boniense. No symptoms were observed on G. boninense -treated roots at 3 wpi (i).

A reliable and quick technique was developed for testing the pathogenicity of the fungus by inoculating oil palm germinated seeds. Ganoderma produces enzymes that degrade the infected xylem, thus causing serious problems to the distribution of water and other nutrients to the top of the palm.

The cross-section of infected palm stem shows that the lesion appears as a light brown area of rotting tissue with a distinctive, irregularly shaped, darker band at the borders of this area. Ganoderma is an extraordinary organism capable exclusively of degrading lignin to carbon dioxide and water; celluloses are then available as nutrients for the fungus.

It is necessary to consider this mode of attack as a white rot involving lignin biodegradation, for integrated control.

The existing literature does not report this area and appears to be concerned particularly with the mode of spread and molecular biology of Ganoderma.

The spread likely is by spores rather than roots.

Yield gaps in oil palm: A quantitative review of contributing factors - ScienceDirect

One of the most destructive diseases of oil palm caused by Ganoderma boninense, a wood decaying fungi, is basal stem rot BSR. The BSR occurs due to fungal mycelia invasion, which spreads to the bole of the plant.

The use of endophytic bacteria should thus be preferred to other biological control agents, as they are internal colonizers, with better ability to compete within the vascular systems, limiting Ganoderma for both nutrients and space during its proliferation.

Two bacterial isolates, Burkholderia cepacia B3 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa P3 were selected for evaluation in the glasshouse for their efficacy in enhancing growth and subsequent suppression of the spread of BSR in oil palm seedlings.

The growing point is damaged, sometimes by Oryctes beetles. Small, distorted leaves resembling a boron deficiency emerge. This is often followed by secondary pathogenic infections in the spear that can lead to spear rot and palm death. The species of palm tree Elaeis guineensis was taken to Malaysia from Eastern Nigeria in As noted it originally grew in West Africa.

The southern coast of Nigeria was originally called the Palm oil coast by the first Europeans who arrived there and traded in the commodity. This area was later renamed the Bight of Biafra.Oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensis) Roots Response to Mechanization - Download as PDF File .pdf), Text File .txt) or read online.

Soil compaction & oil palm roots. To understand the physiological and biochemical response of oil palm rootlets to aluminum toxicity and to identify possible tolerance mechanisms and the materials best adapted to this stress, six. Elaeis guineensis is a species of palm commonly called African oil palm or macaw-fat.

It is the principal source of palm timberdesignmag.com is native to west and southwest Africa, specifically the area between Angola and The Gambia; the species name guineensis refers to the name for the area, Guinea, and not the modern country which now bears that name.

The species is also now naturalised in Madagascar. Abstract. Basal stem rot (BSR) is the most devastating disease of oil palm. In this study, we examined the transcriptional responses of oil palm roots treated with a causal agent of BSR, Ganoderma boninense using a cDNA microarray approach.

A total of 61 from 3, transcripts examined were found to be significantly up- or down-regulated in oil palm roots infected with G. boninense at 3 and 6. Oil palm leaves do not wilt, but the opening of new leaves is delayed in response to water stress, and stomatal opening is strongly affected by air vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and soil water availability (Smith, , Caliman, ).

Sep 01,  · The proper approach to oil palm development begins with the establishment of leguminous cover plants, immediately following land clearing. It helps prevent soil erosion and surface run-off, improve soil structure and palm root development, increase the response to mineral fertilizer in later years, and reduce the danger of micronutrient deficiencies.